Food waste is a global problem that negatively affects the economy, the environment and human health. Although many people are trying to reduce waste in the home, proper preservation and preservation of food plays a key role. 

In this article, we will focus on methods that will help you extend the shelf life of food, reduce food waste and thus contribute to a more sustainable lifestyle.

Why is preserving and preserving food important?

1. Reducing food waste: 

According to estimates by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), approximately one-third of all food produced is wasted each year. This results not only in economic losses, but also in unnecessary wastage of resources such as water and energy that were spent on their production.

2. Environmental protection: 

Food waste contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. When food ends up in a landfill, it breaks down and produces methane, one of the most powerful greenhouse gases.

3. Saving money: 

By extending the shelf life of food, you can reduce the frequency of shopping and therefore the overall cost of food. In addition, you will always have healthy ingredients on hand to prepare meals.

Basic methods of food preservation

1. Drying

Drying is one of the oldest methods of food preservation, which removes water and thus prevents the growth of bacteria and mold. This method is ideal for fruits, vegetables, herbs and mushrooms.

Procedure: 

Cut fruits and vegetables into thin slices and place them on drying sieves. Use a tumble dryer or oven at a low temperature (around 50-60°C). Drying takes several hours depending on the type and size of the material being dried.

Advantages: Low cost, preservation of most nutrients and natural taste.

Tips: Maintain proper humidity when drying to prevent mold. Store dried foods in airtight containers in a dry, cool place.

2. Preservation and canning

Canning food in jars or cans is another popular method that allows you to preserve a wide variety of foods, including fruits, vegetables, and sauces.

Procedure: 

Wash the food, cut it and place it in sterilized jars. Add the chosen preservative (salt, sugar, vinegar) and close with a lid. Place the jars in boiling water for 10-20 minutes to ensure their sterilization.

Advantages: Long shelf life (up to several years), preserving the taste and structure of food.

Tips: Take care of proper sterilization to avoid unwanted growth of microorganisms.

3. Freezing

Freezing is a very effective method to preserve food for a longer period of time without losing its nutritional value.

Procedure: 

Before freezing, wash, dry and divide the food into smaller portions. Use airtight containers or bags to prevent frostbite.

Advantages: Retention of most nutrients, suitable for a wide range of foods, easy to prepare.

Tips: Label each bag or container with the date of freezing and the type of food to make it easy to find your way around the freezer. Some foods, such as vegetables, can be blanched before freezing to preserve their color and texture.

4. Leavening and fermentation

Fermentation is a traditional method of food preservation that uses the natural process of fermentation. Bacteria and yeast convert the sugars in food into acids, which prevents the growth of unwanted microorganisms.

Procedure: 

For sauerkraut, for example, cut the cabbage, salt it and steam it in a large container. Allow to ferment at room temperature for several weeks.

Advantages: Increased probiotic content, preservation of nutrients, distinct taste.

Tips: Take care of the cleanliness of the containers and the correct amount of salt so that the fermentation takes place properly.

5. Pickling and marinating

Pickling is a method that involves immersing food in a marinade of vinegar, salt or oil, which prevents the growth of bacteria.

Procedure: 

Place food (e.g. cucumbers, onions) in a glass and cover with vinegar, water, sugar and spices. Let it sit for a few days.

Advantages: Quick and simple method, interesting flavor combinations, shelf life extension.

Tips: Experiment with different spices and herbs to get the flavor you want.

Practical tips for food storage

1. Correct placement in the refrigerator: 

Make sure that sensitive foods such as dairy products and meat are placed in the coldest part of the refrigerator. Store fruits and vegetables in special drawers.

2. Using the right containers: 

Use airtight containers to store food, which prevent air from entering and thus the growth of bacteria and mold.

3. Keep track of the use-by date: 

Regularly check the condition of the food in the pantry and the fridge and use those that are close to the use-by date as a priority.

4. Pantry Organization: 

Keep your pantry clear and organized. Place older food at the front and newly bought food at the back.

Conclusion

Proper preservation and preservation of food is key not only for reducing waste and protecting the environment, but also for economic savings and a healthy lifestyle. 

By using the above methods, you can effectively extend the shelf life of food and reduce its losses. 

Remember that every small change in your home can lead to big positive impacts on our planet.